The effect of the nematode-destroying fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against Oesophagostomum dentatum larvae in faeces from pigs fed different diets
S. PETKEVICIUS a, b *, M. LARSENa, K. E. BACH KNUDSENc, P. NANSENa, J. GRONVOLDa, d, S. AA. HENRIKSENa, e, J. WOLSTRUPa, fa*Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Ridebanevej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark, e-mail: alb@kvl.dk; bLithuanian Veterinary Institute, LT-4230 Kaisiadorys, Lithuania; cDepartment of Nutrition, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Research Centre Foulum, P. O. Box 39, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark; dSection of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Molecular Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; eDanish Veterinary Laboratory, Bulowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark; fSection of Microbiology, Department of Ecology and Molecular Biology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
SummaryThis study examined the effects of the nematode- destroying fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on the development of Oesophagostomum dentatum infective, third stage (L3) larvae in faecal cultures from pigs fed five and four different diets with different levels of undigested dietary fibre residues and dry matter. The results demonstrated that different isolates of the nematode-destroying fungus D. flagrans were equally able to significantly reduce the number of O. dentatum infective larvae in vitro. The recovery of larvae was apparently higher in faecal cultures established on faeces from pigs fed diets with high levels of insoluble DF and relatively low total digestibility of non-starch polysaccharides. Recovery was also high in cultures prepared from the diet groups with a high faecal dry matter content.
HELMINTHOLOGIA, 35, 3: 117 - 121, 1998
Epidemiological study of paragonimosis in central China
Z. Q. Wang, J. Cui, F. R. Mao, X. M. Ling*, X. X. Jin, F. WuDepartment of Parasitology, Henan Medical University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; *Division of Helminthiosis, Anti-epidemic Station of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450003, China
SummaryTo determine the prevalence of paragonimosis and some of the epidemiological factors responsible for the infection, a community-based epidemiological study of Paragonimus infection was carried out. The overall seroprevalence of Paragonimus infection was 16.3 %. Prevalence rates tended to decrease with age, ranging from 35.7 % in children under 7 years of age to 4.2 % in those over 45 years old. Females showed a higher prevalence (24.3 %) than males (11.3 %). They acquired the infection mainly by eating raw freshwater crabs. The commonest crab recovered was Sinopotamon honanses with 40 % (48/120) of crabs infected with metacercariae. The P. skrjabini adult worms and ova were obtained from the rats experimentally infected with meta- cercariae collected from the crabs. The results showed that Henan province was an ende- mic area of paragonimosis caused by P. skrjabini.
HELMINTHOLOGIA, 35, 3: 123 - 129, 1998
Parasite assemblage of Sympterygia bonapartei (Pisces: R a j i d a e), an endemic skate of the Southwest Atlantic
R. D. Tanzola, S. E. Guagliardo, S. M. Brizzola, M. V. Arias, S. E. BotteCátedra de Parasitología, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Argentina, e-mail: rtanzola@criba.edu.ar
SummaryThe specific assemblage of parasitic helminths of the ray Sympterygia bonapartei is described. The relationships between size and both species richness and total burden of worms were analyzed using non-parametric statistics. The pattern of dispersion of the species compo- nent in the host's population was examined. Seven species of helminths are cited for the first time in the host: Rhinebothrium chilensis Euzet et Carvajal (1973), Eutetrarhynchus vooremi Sao Clemente et Correa Gomes (1989), Pseudanisakis tricupola (Rudolphi, 1819), Polymorphus chasmagnathi (Holcman Spector, Ma
né Garzón et Dei Cas, 1977), Grillotia erinaceus (van Beneden, 1858), Terranova sp. and Contracaecum sp. Four component species (prevalences >10 %) were recognized. Three of them were distributed in an over-dispersed manner and the remaining showed a random distribution. The parasite assemblage in the spiral valve consists of nine species. The worms mostly occupied the first three chambers in the spiral intestine. The helminth infracommunities included 1 secondary and 8 satellite species. The great number of inhabiting sites and the low diversity recorded in S. bonapartei are consistent with the "isolationist or non-interactive type" of specific assemblages. The mean number of species component per individual host is lower than those proposed for some marine fishes. No significative interspecific associations were found among the component species. The present results are consistent with those of previous research on parasites of rays in the sense that cestodes are the dominant major helminth group in the assemblage. All of the species present have low prevalence, intensity of infection and abundance. Acanthocephalans are absent or accidental components in the helminth fauna of elasmobranchs. The parasite assemblage of Sympterygia bonapartei in the sampled area, disagree with the proposal that consider the diversity of parasitic assemblages of elasmobranchs to be amplified.
HELMINTHOLOGIA, 35, 3: 131 - 146, 1998
Trematodes of birds of prey (Falconiformes) in Czech Republic
J. SITKOMoravian Ornithological Station, Comenius Museum, Horni nam. 1, 751 52 Prerov, Czech Republic
SummaryIn the years 1962 to 1997 451 birds of prey of 17 species were examined. Material for evaluation was obtained from Buteo buteo, Falco tinnunculus, Accipiter nisus and A. gentilis. Individual birds were examined from Milvus milvus, Haliaeetus albicilla, Buteo lagopus, Pernis apivorus, Aquila chrysaetos, A. rapax, A. clanga, Circus aeruginosus, C. cyaneus, Falco peregrinus, F. cherrug, F. vespertinus and F. subbuteo. Sexteen species of trematodes were found (Echinostoma revolutum, Echinopa- ryphium recurvatum, Platynosomum illiciens, Euparadistomum falconi, Opistorchis simulans, Metorchis crassiusculus, Plagiorchis elegans, Strigea falconis, S. vandenbrokae, Parastrigea flexis, Cotylurus cornutus, Tylodelphys excavata, Neodiplostomum attenuatum, N. spa- thoides, N. perlatum and Pracoenogonimus ovatus. E. falconi was found for the first time in Europe. Seven species P. illiciens, O. simulans, M. crassiusculus, N. spathoides, S. vandenbrokae, P. flexis, T. excavata, were found for the first time in the Czech Republic. New hosts were found for E. revolutum and E. recurvatum - Buteo buteo, for P. elegans - Falco tinnunculus and Accipiter nisus, for C. cornutus - Accipiter gentilis. As dominant species in Buteo buteo were found S. falconis (27.0 %) and N. attenuatum (25.0 %). In other exa- mined hosts, trematodes were found rarely.
HELMINTHOLOGIA, 35, 3: 147 - 153, 1998
Seasonal variation of the soil nematode communities in regions polluted with acid and alkaline emissions
B. VALOCKA, M. SABOVAParasitological Institute SAS, Hlinkova 3, 040 00 Kosice, Slovak Republic
SummarySeasonal dynamics of soil nematode communities were studied on permanent grass lands in 1994—1996 in two regions of the Slovak Republic polluted with alkaline and acid emissions. Several indices were used to analyze the seasonal variation in the nematode communities structure. Maximum occurrence of nematodes and the largest number of genera were found in June and in August. Plant feeders were relatively balanced during the vegetation periods with high proportion at all localities. Bacterial feeders and fungal feeders appeared to be the most variable. The highest proportion of omnivores and predators was in June and in August. The other indices (F/B, T, MI,
SMI, PPI) had their highest values mostly in the second half of the vegetation periods (August—October).HELMINTHOLOGIA, 35, 3: 155 - 157, 1998
Research note
Records of leaf nematodes (Aphelenchoides spp.) in the Slovak Republic
D. STURHAN, M. LISKOVA*Biologische Bundesanstalt fur Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Nematologie und Wirbeltierkunde, Toppheideweg 88, D-48161 Munster, Germany; *Parasitological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
SummaryThe species Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and A. fragariae and leaf nematodes morphologically resembling, but not identical with A. fragariae, were found in plant material from botanical gardens, ornamental gardens and meadows in several regions of Slovakia. The 18 plant species parasitized by these nematodes are listed, the symptoms of parasitism are briefly described, and the localities in which the nematodes were found are presented.
HELMINTHOLOGIA, 35, 3: 159 - 172, 1998
Proceedings of the Seventh Helminthological Days held at Dolni Vestonice (Czech Republic) May 18—21, 1998
The conference 7th Helminthological Days organized by the Helminthological Section of the Czech Parasitological Society, was held a usually at Dolni Vestonice in the lovely countryside of the south Moravia (CzR), May 18—21, 1998. A total of 58 Czech, Slovak and Polish helminthologists, including many students, participated on this meeting. Most papers were devoted to fish helminths, their ecology, morphology and biology, several presentations reported new data from human and veterinary helminthology.